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	<title>Within Experimental Error</title>
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	<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error</link>
	<description>The Jazz, Funk &#38; R&#039;n&#039;B Band of the Institute of Materials Science of Madrid-CSIC</description>
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		<title>Daniel J. Levitin</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=750</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=750#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Aug 2011 11:42:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Science and Music]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=750</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Daniel J. Levitin is a prestigious neuroscientist and cognitive psychologist specialized in the perception and cognition of music. A musician himself (playing sax, guitar, bass and vocals) he has also worked as a recording engineer (C. Santana, The Grateful Death), producer (Blue Öyster Cult) and consultant for recorded music companies. He has also worked for [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-581 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="English" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png" alt="" width="21" height="11" /></a><br />
Daniel J. Levitin is a prestigious neuroscientist and cognitive psychologist specialized in the perception and cognition of music. A musician himself (playing sax, guitar, bass and vocals) he has also worked as a recording engineer (C. Santana, The Grateful Death), producer (Blue Öyster Cult) and consultant for recorded music companies. He has also worked for the industry of sound reproduction systems as a <i>golden ear</i>, i.e., a person with a special ability to differentiate subtle differences in sound reproduction.</p>
<p>Levitin dropped his electrical engineering studies at MIT and music studies at Berklee College of Music to work first as a musician and then as a producer, recording engineer and consultant. By his thirties, he enrolled at Stanford University to study cognitive science. Currently he is a Professor of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience at McGuill University in Montreal. As a scientist he pointed out the fundamental role of the cerebellum in the perception of rhythm and the feeling of musical emotion and discovered the now classical <i>Levitin effect</i> (that people tend to remember songs in the right pitch, contradicting a lot of prior literature).</p>
<p>He wrote the acclaimed and highly recommended &#8220;This Is Your Brain On Music: The Science of a Human Obsession&#8221;<a class="Estilo13" href="#Cita1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-582 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="Spanish" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png" alt="" width="21" height="14" /></a></p>
<p>Daniel J. Levitin es un prestigioso neurocientífico y psicólogo cognitivo especializado en la percepción y cognición de la música. Músico (toca saxo, guitarra y bajo y canta), ingeniero de grabación (C. Santana, The Grateful Death), productor (Blue Öyster Cult) y consultor para compañías discográficas, ha trabajado también para la industria de sistemas de reproducción de sonido como un <i>golden ear</i>, es decir, una persona con una capacidad especial para distinguir sutiles diferencias en la reproducción de sonido.</p>
<p>Levitin abandonó sus estudios de ingeniería eléctrica en el MIT y de música en el Berklee College of Music para trabajar primero como músico y después como productor, ingeniero de grabación y consultor. Ya en la treintena se matriculó en la Universidad de Stanford para estudiar ciencia cognitiva. Actualmente es Profesor de Psicología y Biopsicología en McGuill University, Montreal. Como científico ha señalado el papel fundamental del cerebelo en la percepción del ritmo y en el sentimiento de emoción musical y descubrió el ya clásico  <i>efecto Levitin</i> (que la gente tiende a recordar las canciones en el tono correcto, contradiciendo abundante literatura anterior)</p>
<p>Es el autor del aclamado y muy recomendable &#8220;Tu Cerebro y la Música&#8221;.<a class="Estilo13" href="#Cita1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
<p><a id="Cita1" name="[1]">[1]</a>&#8220;This Is Your Brain On Music: The Science of a Human Obsession&#8221; (2006), Dutton/Penguin, New York. <br />&#8220;Tu Cerebro y la Música&#8221; (2011), RBA, Barcelona.</p>
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		<title>Concerts, 2011</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=728</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=728#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jun 2011 13:23:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Concerts]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Thursday June, 16th ICMM Thursday July, 7th CSIC-Central Monday December, 19th ICMM-25 years]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thursday June, 16th <strong>ICMM</strong></p>
<p>Thursday July, 7th <strong>CSIC-Central </strong></p>
<p>Monday December, 19th <strong><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/icmm25/index.htm">ICMM-25 years</a> </strong></p>
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		<title>Max Planck</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=694</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=694#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Jan 2011 04:35:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Science and Music]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=694</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum theory, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1918) and one of the most respected scientists of the 20th Century had to take on an early age what may seem to some a difficult decision: to devote himself to physics or music.[1] Chroniclers tell us that the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-581 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="English" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png" alt="" width="21" height="11" /></a><br />
Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum theory, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1918) and one of the most respected scientists of the 20th Century had to take on an early age what may seem to some a difficult decision: to devote himself to physics or music.<a class="Estilo13" href="#Cita1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
<p>Chroniclers tell us that the young Planck was highly gifted for music: he played piano, organ and cello and composed songs and operas. But he decided instead to pursuit a career in physics. Working on the problem of the black body radiation (i.e., the lack of agreement between the prediction of classical physics and the experimental wavelength distribution of the energy emitted by a black body as a function of temperature) he arrived to a conclusion that later became one of the fundamental cornerstones of the new physics of the 20th Century: electromagnetic radiation can only be emitted in quantized amounts, i.e., it cannot take whatever value but has to be a multiple of hν, where h is a universal constant (now called the Planck&#8217;s constant) and ν is the frequency of the radiation. Few years after Planck&#8217;s finding, Albert Einstein gave the idea a new dimension when he explained the photoelectric effect considering that light is made of photons, i.e., discrete particles with an energy equal to hν (that is, quanta of light). Both scientists became close friends and played frequently music together at Planck&#8217;s home.<a class="Estilo13" href="#Cita2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-582 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="Spanish" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png" alt="" width="21" height="14" /></a><br />
Max Planck, uno de los padres de la teoría cuántica, ganador del Premio Nobel de Física (1918) y uno de los científicos más respetados del siglo XX tuvo que tomar en su juventud una decisión que a algunos les parecerá difícil: dedicarse a la música o a la física.<a class="Estilo13" href="#Cita1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
<p>Los cronistas cuentan que el joven Planck tenía un gran talento para la música: tocaba el piano, el órgano y el chelo y componía canciones y óperas. Decidió, sin embargo, dedicarse a la física. Trabajando en el problema de la radiación del cuerpo negro (el desacuerdo entre las predicciones de la física clásica y el espectro experimental de energía emitida por un cuerpo negro en función de la temperatura) llegó a una conclusión que más tarde se convirtió en una de las piedras angulares de la nueva física del siglo XX: la radiación electromagnética sólo puede ser emitida en cantidades cuantizadas, es decir, su energía no puede tomar cualquier valor, sino que ha de ser un múltiplo de hν, donde h es una constante universal (llamada ahora constante de Planck) y ν es la frecuencia de la radiación. Pocos años después del hallazgo de Planck, Albert Einstein dio una nueva dimensión a esta idea, al explicar el efecto fotoeléctrico considerando que la luz está hecha de fotones, es decir, partículas discretas con una energía igual a hν (es decir, cuantos de luz). Ambos científicos se hicieron grandes amigos y tocaban con frecuencia en casa de Planck.<a class="Estilo13" href="#Cita2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
<p><a id="Cita1" name="[1]">[1]</a> See, for instance, Planck&#8217;s biography in <a href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck.html">the Nobel Prize official web site.</a><br />
<a id="Cita2" name="[2]">[2]</a> Einstein for the 21st century: his legacy in science, art, and modern culture, P. Galison, G.J. Holton, S.S. Schweber, Princeton University Press, 2008, p.162.</p>
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		<title>Edward Elgar</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=534</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=534#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Nov 2010 21:21:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Science and Music]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=534</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The British composer Sir Edward William Elgar (1857-1934) is well known for his very British &#8220;Pomp and Circumstance Military Marches&#8220;, and the &#8220;Enigma Variations&#8221;. The son of a fiddler and piano tuner, Elgar studied piano and violin, but was a self-taught composer. His music has reached a high popularity and is largely considered quintessential of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-581 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="English" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png" alt="" width="21" height="11" /></a></p>
<p>The British composer Sir Edward William Elgar (1857-1934) is well known for his very British &#8220;<em>Pomp and Circumstance Military Marches</em>&#8220;, and the <em>&#8220;Enigma Variations&#8221;</em>. The son of a fiddler and piano tuner, Elgar studied piano and violin, but was a self-taught composer. His music has reached a high popularity and is largely considered quintessential of Englishness. But, in addition, Elgar was an amateur chemist that worked in his home lab (<em>The Ark</em>), where he developed a system for the production of hydrogen sulphide, sold for a while as the <em>Elgar Sulphuretted Hydrogen Apparatus</em>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-582" style="border: 0pt none;" title="Spanish" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png" alt="" width="21" height="14" /></a></p>
<p>El compositor británico Sir Edward William Elgar (1857-1934) es muy conocido por sus marchas militares &#8220;<em>Pompa y Circunstancia</em>&#8220;, de genuino sabor británico, y las &#8220;<em>Variaciones Enigma</em>&#8220;. Hijo de un violinista y afinador de pianos, Elgar estudió violín y piano pero como compositor fue autodidacta. Su música es muy popular y suele considerarse la quintaesencia de lo inglés. Pero, además, Elgar fue un químico aficionado que trabajó en su laboratorio doméstico (<em>The Ark</em>), donde desarrolló un sistema de producción de sulfuro de hidrógeno que se vendió un tiempo bajo el nombre <em>Elgar Sulphuretted Hydrogen Apparatus</em>.</p>
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		<title>W.E.E. @ Onda Cero</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=470</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=470#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Oct 2010 11:14:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Audio/video]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=470</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Interview with Within Experimental Error on the popular science radio program Partiendo de Cero by Paco de León, broadcasted in the wee hours of Sunday October 3rd 2010, from 4:00 to 6:00 am (popular science time = prime time). Partiendo de Cero W.E.E. appears between 31:09 and 54:54.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/OndaCerowebpeque.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-526" title="OndaCerowebpeque" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/OndaCerowebpeque.jpg" alt="wee@ondacero" width="600" height="90" /></a></p>
<p>Interview with Within Experimental Error on the popular science radio program <em>Partiendo de Cero</em> by Paco de León, broadcasted in the wee hours of Sunday October 3rd 2010, from 4:00 to 6:00 am (popular science time = prime time).</p>
<p><a href="http://blip.tv/file/get/FuFrock-PdC166TransplantesMusicosTalentosYFotografias324.mp3">Partiendo de Cero</a></p>
<p>W.E.E. appears between 31:09 and 54:54.</p>
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		<title>Thomas Young</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=403</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=403#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Sep 2010 03:32:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Science and Music]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=403</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A physician, polymath and professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution, the scientific contributions of Thomas Young (1773-1829) span such diverse fields as the wave theory of light, the elasticity of solids, the surface tension, the theory of color perception, the physiology of vision, medicine, linguistics, and Egyptian hieroglyphics. But also, and that&#8217;s why [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-581 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="English" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png" alt="" width="21" height="11" /></a><br />
A physician, polymath and professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution, the scientific contributions of Thomas Young (1773-1829) span such diverse fields as the wave theory of light, the elasticity of solids, the surface tension, the theory of color perception, the physiology of vision, medicine, linguistics, and Egyptian hieroglyphics. But also, and that&#8217;s why he es here, acoustics, musical harmony and  tempered tuning.</p>
<p>With his famous double-slit, Young demonstrated the interference of light and, thus, its wave nature (previously proposed by Hooke, Huygens and Euler). Since Newton&#8217;s time the idea that light was made of particles had been prevailing. [A century after Young, Einstein resurrected the particulate nature of light to explain the photoelectric effect, thus contributing to the current understanding of light's dual wave-particle nature.]</p>
<p>Young&#8217;s modulus, relating the strain (deformation) of a body to the applied stress (pressure), is still today a fundamental parameter in the mechanical characterization of a solid. Young&#8217;s sensible hypothesis, later developed by Helmholtz, that the human eye has three types of sensors responding to different wavelengths (centered on red, green and violet light) is the base of the trichromatic color vision theory. It was also Young the first who described astigmatism and the one that gave soundness to the idea that the crystalline deforms itself to allow focusing vision at different lengths. He also explained the phenomenon of capillarity, based on the surface tension concept (Young-Laplace equation) and established the equation relating the contact angle between a drop o liquid and a plane surface (Young equation, which becomes the Young-Dupré equation when thermodynamic effects are taken into account).</p>
<p>The proposal of a universal phonetic system (Young was fluent in over a dozen languages, including several dead ones) and his work in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics (later used by Champolion to decipher the Rosetta Stone) would serve to put a brilliant end to the contributions of a multifaceted polymath had we already commented on his contributions to music.  </p>
<p>Young, who apparently played a wide variety of musical instruments, bagpipe included,<a href="#Cita1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>  proposed a <em>well tempered</em> tuning (<em>&#8220;Young&#8217;s temperament&#8221;</em>) considered by some as an <em>&#8220;idealization&#8221;</em> of the different &#8220;well temperaments&#8221; and superior to the tuning method in use today (<em>&#8220;equal temperament&#8221;</em>). In a different entry we will try to explain what is all about temperament in music and the different systems proposed. By now, it should suffice to say that a well tempered tuning tries to avoid the difficulties in <em>modulation</em> (key change) found in the old Pythagorean and Just tunings (based on a perfect fifth and on a mayor third, respectively). While in the current equal temperament all the keys have the same relations of intervals, the well tempered tunings (Young&#8217;s included) build keys that, while affording modulation, are different from one another, and have a <a href="http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mrubinst/tuning/tuning.html">&#8220;different character&#8221;</a> because of their small differences in intervals. For instance, in Young&#8217;s temperament a major third in C Major has a frequency ratio different to that of a major third in A Major (this doesn&#8217;t holds for the current equal temperament).</p>
<p>The paper in which Young proposes his tuning system<a href="#Cita2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> was titled <em>Outlines of Experiments and Inquiries Respecting Sound and Light</em> and collects a large number of experiments and reflections on very different topics (acoustics, air dynamics, the nature of sound, harmony, analogies between light and sound). The same issue of the journal contains the <a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=223">Herschel</a> papers describing his discovery of infrared radiation.</p>
<p>Although it is not enough to explain his genius, it won&#8217;t be a surprise to konw that, as pointed out by his biographer, Young “adhered strictly through life to the principle of doing nothing by halves”.<a href="#Cita3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Which doesn&#8217;t seem to be a bad principle for a musician or a scientist.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-582 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="Spanish" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png" alt="" width="21" height="14" /></a><br />
Médico, erudito, profesor de Filosofía Natural en la Royal Institution, las contribuciones científicas de Thomas Young (1773-1829) abarcan campos tan dispares como la teoría ondulatoria de la luz, la elasticidad de los cuerpos, la tensión superficial, la teoría de la percepción del color, la fisiología de la visión, la medicina, la lingüística y los jeroglíficos egipcios. Pero también, y por eso está aquí, la acústica, la armonía musical y la afinación temperada.</p>
<p>Young, con su famosa doble rendija, demostró el fenómeno de la interferencia de la luz y, con ello, su carácter ondulatorio (propuesto con anterioridad por Hooke, Huygens y Euler). Desde Newton prevalecía, en cambio, la opinión de que su naturaleza era corpuscular, es decir, que la luz está formada por partículas. [Un siglo después, Einstein volvió a resucitar el carácter corpuscular de la luz para explicar el efecto fotoeléctrico, contribuyendo finalmente a la consideración de una naturaleza dual, onda-corpúsculo, de la luz.]. </p>
<p>El módulo de Young, que relaciona la deformación de un cuerpo con la tensión a la que es sometida, es aún hoy un parámetro fundamental para la caracterización mecánica de un sólido. La atinada hipótesis de Young, desarrollada después por Helmholtz, de que el ojo humano dispone de tres tipos de sensores capaces de distinguir diferentes longitudes de onda (basadas en rojo, verde y violeta), es la base de la teoría tricromática del color. Fue también Young el primero en describir el astigmatismo y en fundamentar la idea de que el cristalino se deforma para permitir enfocar la visión a diferentes distancias. Explicó, además, el fenómeno de la capilaridad, basándose en el concepto de tensión superficial (ecuación de Young-Laplace) y estableció la fórmula que determina el ángulo de contacto entre una  gota de líquido y una superficie plana (ecuación de Young, que cuando se consideran además efectos termodinámicos se convierte en la de Young-Dupré).</p>
<p>La propuesta de un sistema fonético universal (Young hablaba más de una docena de idiomas, incluyendo varias lenguas muertas) y sus trabajos de descifrado de jeroglíficos egipcios (en los que, más tarde, se basaría Champollion para descifrar la piedra Rosetta) terminarían de adornar las contribuciones de un erudito todoterreno que probablemente no tenga parangón en la historia, si no fuera porque no hemos hablado aún de su contribución a la música.</p>
<p>Young, que al parecer tocaba una gran variedad de instrumentos, gaita incluida,<a href="#Cita1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> propuso un método de afinación <em>bien temperada</em> (<em>&#8220;temperamento de Young&#8221;</em>) considerado por algunos &#8220;una idealización&#8221; de los diferentes &#8220;buenos temperamentos&#8221; y superior a la afinación actual (&#8220;temperamento igualado&#8221;). En alguna otra entrada intentaremos explicar en qué consiste el temperamento en música y los distintos métodos propuestos. Por el momento baste decir que las afinaciones bien temperadas buscan evitar las dificultades para la <em>modulación</em> (cambio de tono) que presentaban los antiguos sistemas <em>pitagórico</em> (basado en la quinta justa) y <em>justo</em> (basado en la tercera mayor). Mientras que en el temperamento igualado actualmente en uso todas las tonalidades mantienen las mismas relaciones interválicas, las afinaciones bien temperadas (incluida la de Young) construyen tonalidades que permiten la modulación pero son diferentes unas de otras, y tienen <a href="http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mrubinst/tuning/tuning.html">&#8220;distinto carácter&#8221;</a> al presentar pequeñas diferencias interválicas. Por ejemplo, en el temperamento de Young una tercera mayor en Do mayor tiene una relación de frecuencias diferente a la de una tercera mayor en La mayor (esto no ocurre en el sistema de afinación de igual temperamento actualmente en uso). </p>
<p>El artículo en el que Young propone su sistema de afinación <a href="#Cita2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> se titula <em>Outlines of Experiments and Inquiries Respecting Sound and Light</em> y recoge multitud de experimentos y reflexiones sobre muy diversos temas (acústica, dinámica del aire, naturaleza del sonido, armonía, analogías entre luz y sonido). El mismo volumen de la revista recoge los artículos en los que <a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=223">Herschel</a> describe su descubrimiento de la radiación infrarroja.</p>
<p>Aunque no baste para explicar su genio, al menos no será una sorpresa saber que, como señaló su biógrafo, Young &#8220;adhered strictly through life to the principle of doing nothing by halves&#8221;.<a href="#Cita3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> No parece un mal principio, ni para un músico ni para un científico.</p>
<p><a id="Cita1" name="[1]">[1]</a>Measured Tones. The Interplay of Physics and Music. 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Ian Johnston. IOP Pub., Bristol, 2002</a><br />
<a id="Cita2" name="[2]">[2]</a>T. Young, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 90 (1800), pp. 106-150</a><br />
<a id="Cita3" name="[3]">[3]</a>Life of Thomas Young, G. Peacock. J.Murray Ed. London, 1855</a></p>
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		<title>W.E.E. @ El Mundo</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=385</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=385#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 26 Sep 2010 20:04:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Media]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=385</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Interview at El Mundo Digital, 09/26/2010:]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2010/09/26/ciencia/1285511584.html">Interview at El Mundo Digital, 09/26/2010</a>:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo26092010titular1.png"><img src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo26092010titular1.png" alt="" title="mundo26092010titular1" width="526" height="620" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-396" /></a><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo260910a1.png"><img src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo260910a1.png" alt="entrevista El Mundo 26092010" title="mundo260910a1" width="416" height="675" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-392" /></a><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo260910b1.png"><img src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo260910b1.png" alt="el mundo entrevista 26092010 parte2" title="mundo260910b1" width="416" height="709" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-393" /></a><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo260910c2.png"><img src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/mundo260910c2.png" alt="el mundo entrevista 26092010 parte3" title="mundo260910c2" width="416" height="525" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-394" /></a></p>
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		<title>Miguel Camblor (MSax)</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=295</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=295#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Sep 2010 21:02:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Members]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=295</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tenor sax of Within Experimental Error and Schizzofunk, Miguel Camblor holds a PhD in Chemistry and is a Research Professor at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). An specialist in synthesis, structural and physicochemical characterization and applications of zeolites he has formerly been a Postdoctoral Fulbright Fellow and Visiting Associate in Chemical Engineering at CALTECH [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_298" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 202px"><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/msax.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-298" title="msax" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/msax.jpg" alt="" width="192" height="193" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Tenor sax &amp; big beer on stage</p></div>
<p>Tenor sax of <em><strong>Within Experimental Error</strong></em> and <a href="http://www.schizzofunk.com"><em><strong>Schizzofunk</strong></em></a>, Miguel Camblor holds a PhD in Chemistry and is a Research Professor at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). An specialist in synthesis, structural and physicochemical characterization and applications of <a href="http://www.iza-structure.org/databases/">zeolites</a> he has formerly been a Postdoctoral Fulbright Fellow and Visiting Associate in Chemical Engineering at CALTECH and the Head of the R+D department at Industrias Químicas del Ebro.</p>
<div id="attachment_314" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 380px"><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/DSC_1602.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-314" title="DSC_1602" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/DSC_1602.jpg" alt="MSax en El Barco" width="370" height="552" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo: Simone<em> djfrat</em> Fratini</p></div>
<p><a href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/A-5663-2008">Researcher ID A-5663-2008</a></p>
<p>PUBLICATIONS indexed by I.S.I. (September 2010)</p>
<p><strong>Sum of the Times Cited : 	3,814<br />
Average Citations per Item : 	43.34<br />
h-index: 	35</strong></p>
<p>1.  	Title: SYNTHESIS OF A TITANIUMSILICOALUMINATE ISOMORPHOUS TO ZEOLITE-BETA AND ITS APPLICATION AS A CATALYST FOR THE SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF LARGE ORGANIC-MOLECULES<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; MARTINEZ, A; et al.<br />
Source: JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS Issue: 8 Pages: 589-590 Published: APR 15 1992<br />
Times Cited: 258<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C39920000589">doi: 10.1039/C39920000589</a></p>
<p>2. 	Title: THE STATE OF TI IN TITANOALUMINOSILICATES ISOMORPHOUS WITH ZEOLITE-BETA<br />
Author(s): BLASCO, T; CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; et al.<br />
Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Volume: 115 Issue: 25 Pages: 11806-11813 Published: DEC 15 1993<br />
Times Cited: 207<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00078a020">doi: 10.1021/ja00078a020</a></p>
<p>3. 	Title: ACTIVITY OF TI-BETA CATALYST FOR THE SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF ALKENES AND ALKANES<br />
Author(s): CORMA, A; CAMBLOR, MA; ESTEVE, P; et al.<br />
Source: JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS Volume: 145 Issue: 1 Pages: 151-158 Published: JAN 1994<br />
Times Cited: 184<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1994.1017">doi: 10.1006/jcat.1994.1017</a></p>
<p>4. 	Title: SYNTHESIS OF TITANOALUMINOSILICATES ISOMORPHOUS TO ZEOLITE BETA, ACTIVE AS OXIDATION CATALYSTS<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; PEREZPARIENTE, J<br />
Source: ZEOLITES Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 82-87 Published: FEB 1993<br />
Times Cited: 183<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(93)90064-A">doi:10.1016/0144-2449(93)90064-A</a></p>
<p>5. 	Title: Direct synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic aluminum-free Ti-beta zeolite<br />
Author(s): BLASCO, T; CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; et al.<br />
Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B Volume: 102 Issue: 1 Pages: 75-88 Published: JAN 1 1998<br />
Times Cited: 173<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp973288w">doi: 10.1021/jp973288w</a></p>
<p>6. 	Title: INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF TITANIUM IN ZEOLITES &#8211; A NEW ASSIGNMENT OF THE 960 CM(-1) BAND<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; PEREZPARIENTE, J<br />
Source: JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS Issue: 6 Pages: 557-559 Published: MAR 21 1993<br />
Times Cited: 157<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C39930000557">doi: 10.1039/C39930000557</a> </p>
<p>7. 	Title: CRYSTALLIZATION OF ZEOLITE BETA &#8211; EFFECT OF NA AND K-IONS<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; PEREZPARIENTE, J<br />
Source: ZEOLITES Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 202-210 Published: MAR 1991<br />
Times Cited: 147<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-2449(05)80220-9">doi:10.1016/S0144-2449(05)80220-9</a></p>
<p>8. 	Title: Characterization of nanocrystalline zeolite Beta<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; VALENCIA, S<br />
Source: MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS Volume: 25 Issue: 1-3 Pages: 59-74 Published: DEC 9 1998<br />
Times Cited: 137<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1811(98)00172-3">doi:10.1016/S1387-1811(98)00172-3</a> </p>
<p>9. 	Title: Synthesis of all-silica and high-silica molecular sieves in fluoride media<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; VILLAESCUSA, LA; DIAZ-CABANAS, MJ<br />
Source: TOPICS IN CATALYSIS Volume: 9 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 59-76 Published: 1999<br />
Times Cited: 110<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019154304344">doi: 10.1023/A:1019154304344</a>                            <a href="http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/7800">digital.csic</a></p>
<p>10. 	Title: Synthesis and structural characterization of MWW type zeolite ITQ-1, the pure silica analog of MCM-22 and SSZ-25<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; DIAZ-CABANAS, MJ; et al.<br />
Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B Volume: 102 Issue: 1 Pages: 44-51 Published: JAN 1 1998<br />
Times Cited: 110<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp972319k">doi: 10.1021/jp972319k</a></p>
<p>11. 	Title: Synthesis of nanocrystalline zeolite Beta in the absence of alkali metal cations<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; MIFSUD, A; et al.<br />
Source: PROGRESS IN ZEOLITE AND MICROPOROUS MATERIALS, PTS A-C Volume: 105 Pages: 341-348 Published: 1997<br />
Times Cited: 98<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2991(97)80574-5 ">doi:10.1016/S0167-2991(97)80574-5</a> </p>
<p>12. 	Title: INFLUENCE OF THE SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF ZEOLITE BETA<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; MIFSUD, A; PEREZPARIENTE, J<br />
Source: ZEOLITES Volume: 11 Issue: 8 Pages: 792-797 Published: NOV-DEC 1991<br />
Times Cited: 96<br />
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0144-2449(05)80057-0">doi:10.1016/S0144-2449(05)80057-0</a> </p>
<p>13. 	Title: Spontaneous nucleation and growth of pure silica zeolite-beta free of connectivity defects<br />
Author(s): CAMBLOR, MA; CORMA, A; VALENCIA, S<br />
Source: CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS Issue: 20 Pages: 2365</p>
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		<title>Adolfo González Grushin (Fito)</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=286</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=286#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Sep 2010 16:21:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Fito</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Members]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=286</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Within Experimental Error &#8216;s guitar, trumpet and vocals, guitar and leading vocals in the band The Malayan Gypsies and trumpet and vocals in Schizzofunk, in his spare time he enjoys studying theoretical physics of all kind  (Condensed matter in particular) at the Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid where he is currently completing his [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-581 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="English" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png" alt="" width="21" height="11" /></a></p>
<p>Within Experimental Error &#8216;s guitar, trumpet and vocals, guitar and leading vocals in the band <a href="http://www.myspace.com/themalayangypsies">The Malayan Gypsies</a> and trumpet and vocals in <a href="http://www.schizzofunk.com/">Schizzofunk</a>, in his spare time he enjoys studying theoretical physics of all kind  (Condensed matter in particular) at the Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid where he is currently completing his Ph.D. His research interests are currently <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene">graphene</a> and related materials such as Topological Insulators.</p>
<p>You can find a complete list of his publications <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Grushin_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">here.</a></p>
<p><a href="../wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png"><img title="Spanish" src="../wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png" alt="" width="21" height="14" /></a></p>
<p>Guitarra Trompeta y voz del Grupo Within Experimental Error, guitarra y voz en la banda <a href="http://www.myspace.com/themalayangypsies">The Malayan Gypsies</a> y trompetista y voz de <a href="http://www.schizzofunk.com">Schizzofunk</a>, en sus ratos libres se dedica al estudio de la Física Teórica de todas las clases y en partícular Físca de la Materia Condensada en el Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid donde está completando su tesis doctoral. Actualmente su investigación está centrada en el campo del <a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafeno">grafeno</a> y materiales relacionados en particular los Aislantes Topológicos.</p>
<p>Podéis encontrar una lista completa de sus publicaciones <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Grushin_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">aquí.<br />
</a></p>
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		<title>Alexander Borodin</title>
		<link>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=205</link>
		<comments>http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=205#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Sep 2010 10:19:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>MSax</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Science and Music]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/?p=205</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A member, with Mussorsgky, Cui, Rimsky-Korsakov and Balakirev of the group of russian composers known as The Five, Alexander Borodin has gone down in history as a great composer, although this was not his profession. A doctor of medicine, Borodin was in fact a highly prestigious chemist and professor of Chemistry at the Academy of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png"><img class="size-full wp-image-581 alignleft" style="border: 0pt none;" title="English" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/English.png" alt="" width="21" height="11" /></a><br />
A member, with Mussorsgky, Cui, Rimsky-Korsakov and Balakirev of the group of russian composers known as <em>The Five</em>, Alexander Borodin has gone down in history as a great composer, although this was not his profession. A doctor of medicine, Borodin was in fact a highly prestigious chemist and professor of Chemistry at the Academy of Medicine of Saint Petersburg. He investigated aldehydes, benzene derivatives, organic halides and amides. He is credited as the co-discoverer (with Wurtz, though independently) of the aldol reaction, a reaction between carbonilic compounds that affords new carbon-carbon bonds.</p>
<p>As a musician, he stood out within the Russian romantic nationalist movement through his three symphonies, two string quartets, the symphonic poem <em>In the Steppens of Central Asia</em> and the opera <em>Prince Igor</em>. His <em>Polovtsian Dances</em>, included in that opera, are often performed independently. Borodin was also a reputed cellist.</p>
<p>Apparently, both musicians and chemists alike blamed him for staying for too long &#8220;on the other side&#8221;.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png"><img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-582" style="border: 0pt none;" title="Spanish" src="http://www.icmm.csic.es/within-experimental-error/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Spanish.png" alt="" width="21" height="14" /></a><br />
Miembro, con Mussorsgky, Cui, Rimsky-Korsakov y Balakirev del Club de los Cinco, Alexander Borodin (1833-1887) ha pasado a la historia como un gran compositor, a pesar de no ser ésta su profesión. Doctor en medicina, Borodin fue de hecho un químico de gran prestigio y profesor de esta disciplina en la Academia de Medicina de San Petersburgo. Investigó sobre aldehídos, derivados bencénicos, haluros orgánicos y amidas. Fué codescubridor (junto a Wurtz, pero independientemente) de la reacción aldólica, una reacción entre compuestos carbonílicos que permite crear enlaces carbono-carbono.</p>
<p>Como músico, Borodin destacó dentro del movimiento romántico nacionalista ruso por sus tres sinfonías, dos cuartetos de cuerda, el poema sinfónico <em>En las Estepas del Asia Central</em> y la ópera <em>El Príncipe Igor</em>. Sus <em>Danzas Polovtsianas</em>, parte de la ópera mencionada, son ejecutadas a menudo de forma independiente. Borodin fue, además, un reputado chelista.</p>
<p>Al parecer, músicos y químicos le acusaron por igual de pasar demasiado tiempo &#8220;en el otro lado&#8221;.</p>
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